Tolerable daily intake

Tolerable daily intake (TDI) refers to the daily amount of a chemical that has been assessed safe for human being on long-term basis (usually whole lifetime). Originally acceptable daily intake (ADI) was introduced in 1961 to define the daily intake of a food additive which, during the entire lifetime, appears to be without appreciable risk.^[1] For contaminants and other foreign chemicals not used intentionally, the term TDI is often preferred.^[2] Both ADI and TDI are usually assessed based on animal experiments, and it is most often hundred times lower dose than the dose causing no observable adverse effect (NOAEL) in the most sensitive tested animal species.^[3][1] Because the uncertainty factors (safety factors) may vary depending on the quality of data and the type of adverse effect, TDI values are not good estimates of the harmfulness of chemicals, and must be considered administrative tools to set allowable limits for chemicals, rather than scientific measures.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Faustman, E.M., Omenn, G.S. Risk assessment. In: C. D. Klaassen (ed.): Casarett & Doull's Toxicology, 6. ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001, pp. 92-94. ISBN 0-07-134721-6.
2. ^ Van den Berg, M. et al. Consultation on assessment of the health risk of dioxins; re-evaluation of the tolerable daily intake (TDI): Executive Summary. Food Additives & Contaminants, 2000, 17:223-240.
3. ^ Renwick, A.G. (1999) Toxicokinetics. In: B. Ballantyne, T. Mars, T. Syversen (ed.): General and applied toxicology, 2. ed., MacMillan Reference LTD, London, pp.91-92. ISBN 1-56159-242-0.